AP Psychology Unit 3

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy crowded room is called

which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense

julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud sound. which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound?

people who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their

even though it was nearly dark outside, Kaci could still tell that the basketball she was playing with was orange. which of the following concepts is best illustrated in this example?

Balance is influenced by the

research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people

the general function of the bones in the middle ear is to

Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?

gustatory receptors are sensitive to all the following taste qualities EXCEPT

Negative afterimages are explained by

which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?

people listening to rock music played backwards often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for. that phenomenon best illustrates

which part of the brain receives messages from the hair-like receptors that are involved in the vestibular sense

which nerve carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

luis constructed a flip-book with 30 dif still images of a cartoon cat. when luis quickly flipped through successive images of the cat, the cat appeared to move. which of the following concepts does the example illustrate?

which of the following is an example of shape constancy?

As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of

Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?

a subliminal stimulus is a stimulus that

which of the following refers to the photoreceptors responsible for color vision

the gestalt principle that refers to an individual's tendency to perceive an incomplete figure as a whole is called

eleanor gibson and her colleagues have used the visual cliff to measure an infant's ability to perceive..

after his friend said a new movie was the funniest he had seen in years, william found himself laughing throughout the viewing, even though the movie was not very funny. what concept is william demonstrating?

which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception

the change in the curvature of the lends that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called

A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's

Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal?

Which of the following refers to the just-noticeable difference between two stimuli?

If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is

In vision, transduction occurs within the

receptors detect info

starts at the sensory receptors and works up to higher levels of processing (construct a whole from its parts)

organizing and interpreting sensory information

constructs perceptions from the sensory input by drawing on our experience and expectations

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

failing to notice changes in the environment

trying to defend a choice b/c you made it

conversion of one form of energy into another that your brain can use

relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli and psychological experience of them

smallest detectable level of stimulus

a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background noise

below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness

the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response

the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time

to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next.

the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light

the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude

ranges from short gamma rays to narrow band we see as visible light

the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye

Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray

retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations.

the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, no receptor cells are there

central focus point in the retina

nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus

the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously

theory that the retina contains 3 dif color receptors and when stimulated in combination can produce perception of any color

theory that opponent retinal processes enable color vision

an organized, whole, word founded by Germans

the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings

the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into inherent groups

the ability to see objects in three dimensions, allows us to judge distance

a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes

a binocular cue for perceiving depth. greater disparity, the closer the object

depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

illusion of movement created when 2 or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change

perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object

in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

the sense or act of hearing

the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency

the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window

fluid-filled tube in inner ear

the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs

hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves

hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated

the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch

the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain

system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

principal that one sense might influence another

Influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments

vision receptors are the

hearing receptors are the

Body movement- vestibular sense receptors are

touch receptors are

taste receptors are

smell receptors are

absolute threshold percent is

where does light enter the eye

what recognizes faces

why are people colorblind

who discovered afterimages

grouping nearby figures together

perceiving smooth, continuous patterns, rather than discontinuous ones

amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings

perceiving the form of familiar objects as constant even while our retinas receive changing images of them

perceiving objects as having constant size, even while our distance from them varies

how do we hear

what determines loudness of a sound

low frequency and low pitch

high frequency and high pitch

detects hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals

when the brain misinterprets the spontaneous central nervous system activity that occurs in absence of norm sensory input

ringing-in-ears sensation in deaf people

the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance