A&P Module 6

Explanation: Skeletal muscle fibers are the individual cells of the skeletal muscle. Each fiber is cylindrical in shape and is composed of many smaller units called myofibrils. The myofibrils are the contractile elements of the muscle fiber and are responsible for the muscle's ability to generate force. The Sarcolemma is the cell membrane of the muscle fiber and is responsible for the muscle's ability to generate electrical impulses. The sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber and contains the proteins and other molecules necessary for muscle contraction. The myofilaments are the proteins that make up the myofibrils and are responsible for the muscle's ability to generate force.

Explanation: The different filaments of a sarcomere are:1) The thick filaments, which are made up of myosin molecules.2) The thin filaments, which are made up of actin molecules.3) The elastic filaments, which are made up of titin molecules.4) The Z-discs, which anchor the filaments in place.

T tubules
Explanation: The muscle action potential spreads across the cell surface and into the muscle fiber's network of tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER membrane is highly permeable to calcium ions (Ca2+), which are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in response to the action potential. The Ca2+ ions bind to troponin, which is a protein complex that is located on the thin filament. The binding of Ca2+ to troponin causes a conformational change in troponin, which exposes the myosin-binding sites on the actin filament. The myosin heads then bind to the actin filament and undergo a power stroke, which results in the sliding of the actin filament over the myosin filament. This sliding of the filaments results in muscle contraction.

Sarcomere
Explanation: .Sarcomeres are the basic units of muscle fibers. The sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction describes how myosin crossbridge heads bind to and pull actin towards the center of each sarcomere, effectively shortening the muscle as it contracts.

Explanation: The diagram is of a cross section of a skeletal muscle fiber.1. Muscle fiber2. Myofibrils3. Sarcomeres4. Myosin filaments5. Actin filaments1. A muscle fiber is a single, cylindrical muscle cell.2. Myofibrils are long, thread-like structures that run the length of the muscle fiber. Each myofibril is made up of many smaller units called sarcomeres.3. Sarcomeres are the basic units of muscle contraction. They are made up of thin filaments of actin and thick filaments of myosin.4. Myosin filaments are made up of the protein myosin. They are thick filaments that interact with the thin filaments of actin to cause muscle contraction.5. Actin filaments are made up of the protein actin. They are thin filaments that interact with the thick filaments of myosin to cause muscle contraction.

Explanation: a. Z lineThe Z line is a protein filament that runs along the length of a muscle cell, dividing it into sarcomeres. The Z line also provides attachment points for the myosin filaments.b. A bandThe A band is a dark region in a muscle fiber that contains the myosin filaments. The A band extends from one Z line to the next.c. I bandThe I band is a light region in a muscle fiber that contains only the thinner actin filaments. The I band extends from one Z line to the next.d. H zoneThe H zone is a dark region in a muscle fiber that contains only the thicker myosin filaments. The H zone is located in the center of the A band.

Explanation: The muscle filament is composed of the following anatomical features: the sarcomere, the Z-disc, the I-band, the A-band, and the M-line.The sarcomere is the basic unit of muscle contraction and is composed of thin filaments (made of the protein actin) and thick filaments (made of the protein myosin). The Z-disc is a protein scaffold that anchors the ends of the sarcomeres and separates the I-band from the A-band. The I-band is the lightest region of the muscle filament and is composed of only thin filaments. The A-band is the darkest region of the muscle filament and is composed of both thin and thick filaments. The M-line is a protein scaffold that runs down the center of the A-band and holds the thick filaments in place.

Explanation: The thick and thin filaments are the two main types of protein filaments that make up the structure of muscle fibers. The thick filaments are made up of myosin proteins, while the thin filaments are made up of actin proteins. These filaments are arranged in a specific way to create the sarcomere, the basic unit of muscle contraction. The thick and thin filaments interact with each other to cause the muscle to contract.

Explanation: on a diagramThe sarcomere is the basic unit of muscle contraction and is composed of three different bands: the I band, the A band, and the Z line.The I band is the lightest band and is composed of the thin filaments. The A band is the darkest band and is composed of the thick filaments. The Z line is a thin line that runs through the center of the A band and marks the boundaries of the sarcomere.

Explanation: The neuromuscular junction is the connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. It is made up of the following anatomical features:1. The motor neuron's cell body, which contains the nucleus and other organelles.2. The motor neuron's axon, which carries the electrical signal from the cell body to the neuromuscular junction.3. The muscle fiber's plasma membrane, which surrounds the muscle cell.4. The muscle fiber's sarcoplasm, which contains the muscle cell's organelles.5. The muscle fiber's myofibrils, which are long, cylindrical structures that contain the muscle cell's actin and myosin filaments.6. The neuromuscular junction's synaptic cleft, which is a small gap between the motor neuron and muscle fiber through which the electrical signal passes.

Explanation:The neuromuscular junction is the connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. It is made up of the following anatomical features:1. The motor neuron's cell body, which contains the nucleus and other organelles.2. The motor neuron's axon, which carries the electrical signal from the cell body to the neuromuscular junction.3. The muscle fiber's plasma membrane, which surrounds the muscle cell.4. The muscle fiber's sarcoplasm, which contains the muscle cell's organelles.5. The muscle fiber's myofibrils, which are long, cylindrical structures that contain the muscle cell's actin and myosin filaments.6. The neuromuscular junction's synaptic cleft, which is a small gap between the motor neuron and muscle fiber through which the electrical signal passes.

Explanation: The question is asking for the histological component that each description represents.1. The epithelial cells that line the airway 2. The smooth muscle cells that surround the airway 3. The mucus-secreting cells that line the airway1. The epithelial cells that line the airway represent the epithelium.2. The smooth muscle cells that surround the airway represent the smooth muscle layer.3. The mucus-secreting cells that line the airway represent the mucus-secreting cells.

Explanation: .The filaments in a sarcomere are made of protein. The filaments are arranged in a specific way in order to produce muscle contraction.The filaments in a sarcomere are made of protein. The filaments are arranged in a specific way in order to produce muscle contraction. The filaments are made of two types of protein, actin and myosin. The filaments are arranged in a specific way in order to produce muscle contraction.

Explanation: -contraction couplingIn muscle, excitation-contraction coupling is the process that links electrical stimulation of the muscle fiber membrane (the sarcolemma) to muscle contraction. This process starts with an action potential (AP) in the sarcolemma, which causes depolarization of the sarcolemma. This, in turn, causes calcium (Ca2+) ions to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The Ca2+ ions bind to troponin, which is a protein complex located on the thin filament. This binding of Ca2+ to troponin causes a conformational change in troponin, which exposes the binding sites on the actin molecule. The binding of myosin heads to the actin molecules then causes contraction.

Explanation: Sarcomeres are the basic units of muscle contraction and are composed of thick and thin filaments.The thin filaments are made up of the protein actin, and the thick filaments are made up of the protein myosin.Contraction of a sarcomere occurs when the thin filaments are pulled towards the center of the sarcomere by the thick filaments.This occurs because the thick filaments are able to slide past the thin filaments due to the presence of the protein myosin.The sliding of the filaments creates tension, which is responsible for the contraction of the muscle.

Explanation: 1. Intermediate filament2. Microtubule3. Actin4. Myosin1. Intermediate filaments are a type of protein that helps to give structure to cells. They are made up of long, thin proteins that are coiled around each other.2. Microtubules are another type of protein that helps to give structure to cells. They are made up of long, thin proteins that are arranged in a spiral around each other.3. Actin is a protein that helps cells move. It is made up of short, thin proteins that are arranged in a helical shape.4. Myosin is a protein that helps cells move. It is made up of long, thick proteins that are arranged in a spiral around each other.

Explanation: The sun is made up of many different types of filaments, each with its own unique set of characteristics. Some of the most common types of filaments are:- prominences: These are dense, bright filaments that extend out from the sun's surface. Prominences are often associated with sunspots.- coronal loops: These are bright, loop-shaped filaments that are found in the sun's outer atmosphere, the corona.- spicules: These are thin, needle-like filaments that extend out from the sun's surface. Spicules are often associated with prominences.