A&P III: Week 2 Lecture Quiz

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________. A) carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract B) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage C) distribute hormones D) return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low

Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier? A) thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus B) tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells C) replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells D) rennin

Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile? A) gastrin B) secretin C) cholecystokinin CCK D) gastric inhibitor peptide

Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile. A) Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion. B) Bile functions to emulsify fats. C) Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs. D) Bile contains enzymes for digestion.

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________. A) initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins B) is the first site where absorption takes place C) is the only place where fats are completely digested D) is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place

Chyme is created in the ________. A) mouth B) stomach C) esophagus D) small intestine

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? A) chief cells B) parietal cells C) serous cells D) mucous neck cells

Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products? A) enteroendocrine cells B) parietal cells C) zymogenic cells D) mucous neck cells

There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________. A) before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought B) immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients C) at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time D) when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required

Peristaltic waves are ________. A) segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract B) churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract C) pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract D) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another

Peristaltic waves are ________. A) segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract B) churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract C) pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract D) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________. A) starches and complex carbohydrates B) protein and peptide fragments C) simple carbohydrates and alcohols D) fatty acids

Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________. A) chief cells of the stomach B) parietal cells of the duodenum C) Brunner's glands D) goblet cells of the small intestine

You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal? A) gastrin B) amylase C) cholecystokinin D) trypsin

The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the ________. A) portal vein B) pancreatic acini C) bile canaliculus D) hepatopancreatic ampulla

The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________. A) diffusion B) active transport C) hydrolysis D) denatured

Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible? A) rennin B) pepsin C) lipase D) cholecystokinin

Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________. A) mucin B) pepsinogen C) hydrochloric acid D) rennin

Hepatocytes do not ________. A) produce digestive enzymes B) process nutrients C) store fat-soluble vitamins D) detoxify

Which of the following is not a phase of gastric secretion? A) cephalic B) gastric C) intestinal D) enterogastric

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? A) B12 B) K C) A D) C

Chief cells ________. A) produce gastrin B) produce HCl C) produce pepsinogen D) produce mucin

The ________ contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure. A) liver B) spleen C) pancreas D) stomach

The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the ________. A) duodenum B) ileum C) jejunum D) pyloric sphincter

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged? A) lipids B) carbohydrates C) proteins D) starches

________ is locally regulated in the blood by the active form of vitamin D, which acts as a cofactor. A) Iron B) Sodium C) Phosphorus D) Calcium

________ is (are) not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion. A) Distension B) Carbohydrates C) Peptides D) Low acidity

Pancreatic amylase does not get to the small intestine via the ________. A) accessory pancreatic duct B) main pancreatic duct C) cystic duct D) hepatopancreatic ampulla

The function of the goblet cells is to ________. A) absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use B) produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion C) secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral D) provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food

Which of the following produce intrinsic factor? A) parietal cells B) zymogenic cells C) mucous neck cells D) enteroendocrine cells

Which hormone causes an increased output of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice ? A) secretin B) CCK C) gastrin D) gastrin inhibitor peptide

Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile? A) gastrin inhibitor peptide B) gastrin C) secretin D) CCK

Which of the following is a retroperitoneal organ? A) liver B) transverse colon C) stomach D) pancreas

Which of the following organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions? A) gallbladder B) liver C) pancreas D) mouth

Which of the following stimulates the release of pancreatic juice? A) fatty chyme B) acidic chyme C) vagal stimulation D) all the above

You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal? A) CCK B) gastrin C) amylase D) trypsin

Important peritoneal folds do not include the ________. A) peritoneum B) round ligament (ligamentum teres) C) omentum D) falciform ligament

The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the ________. A) hepatopancreatic ampulla B) bile canaliculus C) portal vein D) pancreatic acini

Which of the following is not true for cholecystokinin? A) cause the hepatopancreatic sphincter to constrict B) is released when fatty chime enters the duodenum C) causes gallbladded to contract D) induces the secretion of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver was severely damaged? A) nucleic acids B) proteins C) carbohydrates D) lipids

Which of the following is not found in portal triad? A) hepatic vein B) hepatic portal vein C) hepatic artery D) bile duct

Which is true for bile? A) it release is under hormonal and neural regulations B) is produced by the liver C) is stored in gallbladder D) all the above

The blood in the central vein of the liver lobule is emptied into the ____. A) portal vein B) hepatic vein C) hepatic artery D) none of the above

Bile is produced by the ________ and stored in the _________. A) gallbladder, pancreas B) gallbladder, liver C) pancreas, gallbladder D) liver, gallbladder

Which of the following is (are) not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion? A) distention B) peptides C) low acidity D) carbohydrates

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________. A) is the only place where fats are completely digested B) initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins C) is the first site where absorption takes place D) is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place

Chyme is created in the ________. A) esophagus B) small intestine C) stomach D) mouth

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________. A) simple carbohydrates and alcohols B) fatty acids C) protein and peptide fragments D) starches and complex carbohydrates

Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include ________. A) ACh B) gastrin C) secretin D) histamine

Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________. A) the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts B) the rubrospinal tracts C) somatic neurons in the spinal cord D) the vagus nerve and enteric plexus