Which neuroglial cell type surrounds the cell bodies of neurons in the peripheral nervous system
answer
satellite cell
question
Which cell type is highlighted?
answer
neuroglial cell
question
Which structures are highlighted?
answer
nodes of Ranvier
question
Which of the following is synthesized in the highlighted structure?
answer
ribosomal RNA
question
Which structures are highlighted?
answer
Schwann cell nuclei
question
Which tissue is highlighted?
answer
white matter
question
Which structure is highlighted?
answer
axon hillock
question
Which structures are highlighted?
answer
axons
question
Which structure is highlighted?
answer
cell body
question
Which tissue is highlighted?
answer
endoneurium
question
The highlighted structure consists of a bundle of ________.
answer
axons
question
Which structure is highlighted?
answer
ventral funiculus
question
Which structure is highlighted?
answer
gray commissure
question
Which tissue is highlighted?
answer
gray matter
question
Which neuroglial cell type forms the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?
answer
Schwann cell
question
Which structures are highlighted?
answer
myelinated nerve fiber
question
Which of the following statements about receptor potentials is FALSE?
answer
The receptor potential is carried by neuroglia.
question
Which of the following is NOT a functional region of a neuron?
answer
medullary region
question
The conducting region of the neuron is the _______.
answer
axon
question
The typical concentration of sodium is _______.
answer
lower than potassium intracellularly.
question
Which of the following describes a change from the resting membrane potential?
answer
a receptor potential, a synaptic potential or an action potential
question
What effect did increasing the extracellular potassium have on the resting membrane potential?
answer
The resting membrane potential became less negative.
question
What effect did decreasing the extracellular sodium have on the resting membrane potential?
answer
Only a small change occurred, because the resting neuron is not very permeable to sodium.
question
The channels that provide for the movement of potassium in the resting neuron are _______.
answer
leakage
question
Establishing the resting membrane potential requires energy through the use of the _______.
answer
sodium-potassium pump
question
The receptor potential is generated at the _______.
answer
receiving region
question
Sensory transduction is defined as _______.
answer
the conversion of a stimulus to a change in membrane potential
question
The receptor potential _______.
answer
amplitude can vary with the stimulus intensity, requires the appropriate stimulus and can be graded with a stimulus intensity
question
Which of the following describes a depolarization?
answer
The membrane becomes less polarized.
question
Which of the following was able to detect pressure?
answer
the Pacinian corpuscle and the free nerve ending
question
Which of the following does NOT describe graded potentials?
answer
They are always depolarizing.
question
Which of the following responded to a chemical stimulus?
answer
olfactory receptor
question
When the intensity of the appropriate stimulus was increased, the amplitude of the response _______.
answer
increased
question
A nerve is _______.
answer
a bundle of axons
question
The region on the neuron where action potentials are generated is called the ______.
answer
trigger zone
question
In this simulation, ___________________ will be used to stimulate the axon.
answer
voltage
question
We describe the regeneration of the action potential down the membrane of the axon of the neuron as _______.
answer
conduction or propagation
question
The minimum voltage that is required to generate an action potential is called the _______.
answer
threshold voltage
question
Increasing the voltage resulted in which of the following?
answer
no change to the action potential
question
An axon that is more negative than the resting membrane potential is said to be _______.
answer
hyperpolarized
question
If an increase in extracellular potassium hyperpolarizes a neuron, which of the following would be correct?
answer
It would change the membrane potential to a more negative value.
question
An action potential requires _______.
answer
voltage-gated sodium channels to open and sodium to flow with its electrochemical gradient
question
To reach threshold, the amount of sodium _______.
answer
entering the cell must overcome the potassium exiting
question
Which of the following blocks voltage-gated sodium channels?
answer
tetrodotoxin and lidocaine
question
Which of the following is used to block pain?
answer
lidocaine
question
Which of the following occurred in the presence of tetrodotoxin?
answer
The number of action potentials decreased.
question
Which of the following occurred in the presence of tetrodotoxin?
answer
An action potential was always seen at R1.
question
In the presence of lidocaine, the action potential was NOT affected at R1 because _______.
answer
lidocaine was applied downstream of R1
question
The effects of lidocaine and tetrodotoxin were _______.
answer
similar, but tetrodotoxin had a greater effect
question
A synaptic cleft, or synaptic gap, can be found between a neuron and ______.
answer
All of these.
question
The membrane potential that occurs when neurotransmitters bind to their receptors is called _______.
answer
a postsynaptic potential
question
The release of neurotransmitter occurs _______.
answer
at the axon terminal
question
Which of the following occurs first?
answer
An action potential arrives at the axon terminal.
question
At a chemical synapse, the intensity of the stimulus is coded by _______.
answer
the amount of neurotransmitter released and the amount of calcium that enters the axon terminal
question
When the calcium was removed from the extracellular solution, _______.
answer
no neurotransmitter was released
question
When magnesium was added to the extracellular solution, _______.
answer
the amount of neurotransmitter released decreased
question
Calcium and magnesium are both _______.
answer
divalent cations
question
A weak, subthreshold stimulus will result in _______.
answer
a small depolarization at the receiving end of the neuron
question
Which stimulus was at or above threshold?
answer
the moderate and strong stimuli
question
Increasing the strength of the stimulus applied to the sensory receptor increased _______.
answer
the frequency of action potentials in the sensory neuron, the amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal of the sensory neuron and the frequency of action potentials in the interneuron
question
An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs _______.
answer
at the receiving end of the interneuron
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