Which of the following is true of the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain?
The longitudinal fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum.
Nearly the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres is marked by shallow grooves called gyri.
Nearly the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres is marked by elevated ridges called sulci.
The cerebral hemispheres account for about 83% of total brain mass.
answer
**The cerebral hemispheres account for about 83% of total brain mass.**
question
Which of the following is NOT a correctly matched pair?
superficial in the brain: gray matter
gray matter: location of brain nuclei
spinal cord: inner gray matter
gray matter: myelinated axons
answer
**gray matter: myelinated axons**
question
Which part of the CNS sorts almost all sensory information ascending to the cerebral cortex?
pons
thalamus
hypothalamus
mesencephalon
answer
**thalamus**
question
Which of the following is NOT a diencephalon component?
superior colliculus
hypothalamus
thalamus
pineal gland
answer
**superior colliculus**
question
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
regulate the thalamus
regulate body temperature
regulate emotional responses
regulate food intake
answer
regulate the thalamus
question
Which of the following regions of the brain stem carries one-way communications that advise the cerebellum of voluntary motor activities initiated by the motor cortex?
pons
thalamus
midbrain
medulla oblongata
answer
**pons**
question
Which part of the brain processes inputs received from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem nuclei, and various sensory receptors, and then uses this information to coordinate balance, posture, and somatic movement problems?
pons
thalamus
diencephalon
cerebellum
answer
**cerebellum**
question
Which functional area of the brain is responsible for keeping the cortex alert and conscious and enhancing its excitability?
Broca's area
frontal eye fields
limbic system
reticular activating system
answer
**reticular activating system**
question
Which of the meninges is a delicate connective tissue membrane that clings tightly to the brain like cellophane wrap following its every convolution?
periosteal layer of the dura mater
arachnoid mater
meningeal layer of the dura mater
pia mater
answer
**pia mater**
question
Select the true statement regarding first-order neurons.
First-order neurons usually ascend directly to the thalamus.
First-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion.
First-order neurons originate in the CNS.
First-order neurons descend with motor commands.
answer
**First-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion.**
question
Which of these would you NOT find in the cerebral cortex?
fiber tracts
cell bodies
dendrites
interneurons
answer
**fiber tracts**
question
White matter is found in all of the following locations EXCEPT the ________.
corticospinal tracts
corpus callosum
outer portion of the spinal cord
cerebral cortex
answer
**cerebral cortex**
question
Part complete
Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" that controls conscious brain activity?
cerebral cortex
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum
answer
**cerebral cortex**
question
For our motor commands to travel toward our muscles, the signals must travel on __________.
projection fibers
association fibers
the primary visual cortex
commissural fibers
answer
**projection fibers**
question
After Joe has a stroke, his doctor asks Joe to touch his right pointer finger to his chin, but Joe is unable to move his right hand. However, when the doctor stimulates Joe's pointer finger with a painful stimulus, Joe's muscles quickly move his hand away from the stimulus. The doctor concludes that ______.
the stroke caused damage to Joe's frontal eye field which interfered with his effort to touch his chin
the stroke caused damage to Joe's right primary motor cortex
the stroke caused damage to Joe's left premotor cortex
based on the doctor's observations, none of the listed answers are correct conclusions
answer
**based on the doctor's observations, none of the listed answers are correct conclusions**
question
A patient reports that she has become completely deaf; she can't hear anything. Thorough tests on her ears indicate that her ears have not been damaged. Additional tests reveal that her deafness has been caused by damage to her ______.
primary somatosensory cortex
auditory association area
somatosensory association cortex
None of the listed responses is correct.
answer
**None of the listed responses is correct.**
question
What groove separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
central sulcus
longitudinal fissure
parieto-occipital sulcus
lateral fissure
answer
**central sulcus**
question
Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?
visceral command center
decussation center
motor command center
executive suite
answer
**exective suite**
question
An elevated ridge of the cortex is called a ________.
furrow
gyrus
fissure
sulcus
answer
**gyrus**
question
The lateral sulcus separates which lobes?
frontal from parietal
parietal from occipital
frontal from occipital
temporal from parietal
answer
**temporal from parietal**
question
The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.
lateral sulcus
cranial fossa
central sulcus
longitudinal fissure
answer
**lateral sulcus**
question
Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?
posterior association area
prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)
combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex
limbic association area
answer
**prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)**
question
The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________.
vestibular cortex
visceral sensory area
olfactory cortex
gustatory cortex
answer
**visceral sensory area**
question
The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________.
corpus callosum
internal capsule
corona radiata
longitudinal fissure
answer
**corpus callosum**
question
Which brain structure functions to control the autonomic nervous system and to regulate body temperature?
pons
hypothalamus
mammillary body
medulla oblongata
answer
**hypothalamus**
question
Part complete
The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.
basal nuclei
midbrain
diencephalon
brain stem
answer
**dicencephalon**
question
Which of the following is (are) involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?
gustatory cortex
Wernicke's area
postcentral gyrus
red nuclei
answer
**red nuclei**
question
Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
cerebrum
answer
**medulla oblongata**
question
The arbor vitae refers to ________.
cerebellar white matter
cerebellar gray matter
flocculonodular nodes
the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum
answer
**cerebellar white matter**
question
Which of the following is correctly matched?
posterior association area: understand balance
limbic association area: sense of danger
gustatory cortex; sense of hearing
vestibular cortex; pattern recognition
answer
**limbic association area: sense of danger**
question
Part complete
The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.
thalamus
reticular formation
pyramids
limbic system
answer
**reticular formation**
question
During an epileptic seizure, the triggering of convulsions would not directly involve the uncontrolled activity of neurons located in the ______.
pyramidal tracts
primary motor cortex
thalamus
medulla oblongata
answer
**thalamus**
question
Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?
procedural
declarative
motor
emotional
answer
**procedural**
question
REM sleep is associated with ________.
temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm
decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex
decreased activity of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex
decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure
answer
**temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm**
question
Which type of memory is exemplified by a racing heartbeat upon hearing a rattlesnake nearby?
motor
procedural (skills)
emotional
declarative (fact)
answer
**emotional**
question
Sleepwalking may occur during ________.
NREM stage 2
REM
NREM stage 4
NREM stage 1
answer
**NREM stage 4**
question
The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?
arachnoid and pia
dura and epidura
arachnoid and epidura
arachnoid and dura
answer
**arachnoid and pia**
question
The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.
nutrients such as glucose
alcohol
anesthetics
metabolic waste such as urea
answer
**metabolic waste such as urea**
question
Which of the following is NOT a function of the CSF?
protection from blows
nourishment of the brain
initiation of some nerve impulses
reduction of brain weight
answer
**initiation of some nerve impulses**
question
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________.
supplementary and cerebellar-pontine
segmental and nigrostriatal
extrapyramidal and rubrospinal
pyramidal and corticospinal
answer
**pyramidal and corticospinal**
question
Important nuclei of the indirect (multineuronal) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________.
vestibular nuclei
reticular nuclei
red nuclei
superior colliculi
answer
**vestibular nuclei**
question
Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over (decussate) from one side of the body to the other.
True
False
answer
**true**
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