There are three layers of neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves?
answer
ganglion cells
question
Which of the following nerves would you predict is NEVER involved in the development of strabismus?
answer
trigeminal (V)
question
If the optic chiasma is destroyed but the rest of the visual pathway to the brain is not damaged, the result would be ______.
answer
loss of peripheral vision on both the far right and far left sides of the visual field
question
chemically sensitive CILIA are found in this structure
answer
olfactory epithelium
question
hair cells receptive to changes in DYNAMIC equilibrium are found in this structure
answer
crista ampullaris
question
hair cells receptive to changes in STATIC equilibrium are found in this structure
answer
macula
question
chemically sensitive MICROVILLI found in this structure
answer
taste buds
question
Visual processing in the thalamus does not contribute significantly to ________.
answer
night vision
question
Taste is independent of smell.
answer
False
Taste is 80% smell. When nasal congestion (or just pinching your nostrils) blocks access to your olfactory receptors, food tastes bland. Without smell, our morning coffee would lack its richness and simply taste bitter.
question
Damage to the medial rectus muscles would probably affect ________.
answer
convergence
question
What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?
answer
iris
question
As sound levels increase in the spiral organ (of Corti), ________.
answer
outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane
question
Nerve fibers from the medial aspect of each eye ________.
answer
cross over to the opposite side at the chiasma
question
Which statement about malnutrition-induced night blindness is most accurate?
answer
Vitamin supplements can reverse degenerative changes.
question
Most taste buds are located __________.
answer
on the tongue
question
If retinal detachment occurs in the macula lutea, one can predict that there would be a significant loss of ______.
answer
color vision
question
What prevents the eyelids from sticking together when the eyes close?
answer
tarsal gland secretions
question
Light passes through the following structures in which order?
answer
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
question
Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the ________.
answer
eye
question
There are __________ auditory ossicles in the ear.
answer
three
These bones, named for their shape, are the malleus ("hammer"), the incus ("anvil"), and the stapes ("stirrup").
question
Which of the following taste sensations is incorrectly matched to the chemicals that produce it?
answer
umami-triglycerides and fatty acids
question
Which structure in the eye provides nutrition to all eye layers?
answer
choroid
question
The first "way station" in the visual pathway from the eye, after there has been partial crossover of the fibers in the optic chiasma, is the ________.
answer
lateral geniculate body of the thalamus
question
Which photoreceptors respond to very dim light?
answer
rods
question
In the visual pathways to the brain, the optic radiations project to the ________.
answer
primary visual cortex
question
The visible colored portion of the eye is the __________.
answer
iris
question
Identify the layer that contains both a single-celled pigmented layer and a neural layer. Select from choices A-D.
answer
retina
question
In theory, cataracts could be prevented by invention of a treatment that would ______.
answer
increase diffusion rates within the lenses
question
The cells of the retina in which action potentials are generated are the ________.
answer
ganglion cells
question
the sensory layer of the eye
answer
retina
question
the structure most responsible for focusing light rays that enter the eye
answer
lens
question
helps maintain the intraocular pressure; located in the anterior part of the eye
answer
aqueous humor
question
area of greatest visual acuity
answer
fovea centralis
question
Dark adaptation ________.
answer
involves accumulation of rhodopsin
question
The tarsal plate of the eyelid ________.
answer
is connected to the levator palpebrae
question
Identify the lettered muscle responsible for depressing the eye and turning it laterally.
answer
superior oblique muscle
question
Which of the following is NOTan accessory structure of the eye?
answer
retina
The accessory structures of the eye include the eyebrows, eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, and extrinsic eye muscles.
question
Which of the following is true of receptors for dynamic equilibrium?
answer
The receptors for dynamic equilibrium respond to rotational forces.
question
Where are equilibrium receptors located?
answer
in the semicircular canals and in the vestibule of the ear
question
Which pairing of terms is incorrectly related?
answer
frequency of sound waves: loudness of the sound
question
Another name for the primary visual cortex is ________.
answer
striate cortex
question
Which part of the inner ear houses receptors for angular (rotational) movement of the head? Select from choices A-D.
answer
semicircular duct
question
Which accessory eye structures function to produce the tears that cleanse and protect the eye?
answer
lacrimal glands
question
Select the correct statement about olfaction.
answer
Some of the sensation of olfaction is actually one of pain.
question
Identify the structure that forms cranial nerve I. Select from choices A-D.
answer
filaments of the olfactory nerve
C
question
Which of the following is the receptor organ for hearing?
answer
spiral organ (of Corti)
question
loss of hearing resulting from prolonged exposure to high-intensity sounds
answer
sensorineural deafness
question
can result from the fusion of the auditory ossicles
answer
conduction deafness
question
possible side effect of aspirin
answer
tinnitus
question
one of the most common results of otitis media
answer
conduction deafness
question
can result from impacted cerumen
answer
conduction deafness
question
Which of the follow types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life?
answer
olfactory receptor cells
question
The final step in perceiving sound is __________.
answer
the auditory cortex is stimulated
question
The receptors for smell are activated when __________.
answer
dissolved odorants bind to receptor proteins in the cilium membranes
question
Receptors for hearing are located in the ________.
answer
cochlea
question
Which of the following structures is not part of the external ear?
external acoustic meatus
pharyngotympanic tube
pinna
tympanic membrane
answer
pharyngotympanic tube
question
Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because the cornea ________.
answer
has no blood supply
question
Conscious perception of vision probably reflects activity in the ________.
answer
occipital lobe of the cortex
question
The blind spot of the eye is where ________.
answer
the optic nerve leaves the eye
question
An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is (are) the ________.
answer
otoliths
question
Even though we have two eyes, why do we normally see only one image?
answer
Information from each eye goes to both hemispheres for processing.
question
Choose the correctly paired terms.
answer
nyctalopia: night blindness
question
If a chalazion interferes with glandular secretion, the immediate outcome would be ______.
answer
friction on the anterior surface of the eye
question
Vision is fully developed at birth.
answer
False
question
Which of the following is a role of the vitreous humor?
answer
It supports the posterior surface of the lens.
question
Choose the FALSE statement about the olfactory epithelium.
answer
It is made of simple squamous epithelium.
The olfactory epithelium is made of pseudostratified (not simple squamos) epithelium.
question
Which statement about sound localization is not true?
answer
It requires processing at the cortical level.
question
Identify the lettered muscle that is controlled by the abducens cranial nerve (CN VI).
answer
B
lateral rectus
question
Which of the following could not be seen as one looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope?
answer
optic chiasma
question
Which middle ear ossicle is attached to, and transmits vibratory motion to, the oval window?
answer
stapes
question
Which of these lettered structures acts as a stem cell to regenerate the taste cells?
answer
basal epithelial cells
question
Ringing in the ears is called __________.
answer
tinnitus
question
Which region of the ear houses perilymph and endolymph? Select from choices A-D.
answer
internal ear
question
Which of these parts of the ear can be affected by otitis media? Select from choices A-D.
answer
middle ear
question
The eye muscle that elevates and turns the eye laterally is the ________.
answer
inferior oblique
question
During dark adaptation ________.
answer
rhodopsin accumulates in the rods
question
Which of the following is true about gustatory receptors?
answer
Complete adaptation occurs in about one to five minutes.
question
Taste buds are not found ________.
answer
in filiform papillae
question
Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ________.
answer
substances in solution
question
Identify the type of neuron that detects bright light and provides high resolution color vision.
answer
C
cones
question
In glaucoma, damage occurs primarily to the ______.
answer
ganglion cells in the retina
question
Which of the following is not a possible cause of conduction deafness?
answer
cochlear nerve degeneration
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