Anthropology (Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology?)

3 January 2023
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Anthropology
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The study of the human species and its immediate ancestors.
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Holistic
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Encompassing past, present, and future; biology, society, language and culture.
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Culture
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Traditions and customs transmitted through learning.
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General anthropology
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Anthropology as a whole: cultural, archaeological, biological, and linguistic anthropology.
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Food production
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An economy based on plant cultivation and/or animal domestication.
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Biocultural
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Combining biological and cultural approaches to a given problem.
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Ethnology
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The study of sociocultural differences and similarities
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Cultural anthropology
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The comparative, cross-cultural, study of human society and culture.
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Ethnography
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Fieldwork in a particular cultural setting.
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Archaeological anthropology
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The study of human behaviour through material remains.
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Biological anthropology
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The study of human biological variation in time and space.
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Physical anthropology
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Same as biological anthropology
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Linguistic anthropology
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The study of language and linguistic diversity in time, space, and society.
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Sociolinguistics
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The study of language in society.
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Science
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Field of study that seeks reliable explanations, with reference to the material and physical world.
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Applied anthropology
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Using anthropology to solve contemporary problems.
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Cultural resource management
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Deciding what needs saving when entire archaeological sites cannot be saved.
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Theory
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A set of ideas formulated to explain something.
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Association
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An observed relationship between two or more variables.
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Hypothesis
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A suggested but as yet unverified explanation.
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What characterizes anthropology among disciplines that study humans?
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It is holistic and comparative.
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What is a critical element of cultural traditions?
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Their transmission through learning rather than through biological inheritance.
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Over time, how has human reliance on cultural means of adaptation changed?
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Humans have become increasingly more dependent on them.
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The fact that anthropology focuses on both culture and biology ...
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allows it to address how culture influences biological traits and vice versa.
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In Chapter 1, what is the point of describing the ways humans cope with low oxygen pressure at high altitudes?
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To illustrate human capacities for cultural and biological adaptation, variation, and change.
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Four field anthropology...
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was largely shaped by early American anthropologists' interests in Native Americans.
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The study of nonhuman primates is of special interest to which sub-discipline of anthropology?
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Biological anthropology.
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About practicing or applied anthropology, this is false.
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It is less relevant for archaeology since archaeology typically concerns the material culture of societies that no longer exist.
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What term is defined as a suggested but yet unverified explanation for observed things and events?
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Hypothesis.
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The scientific method...
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Characterizes any anthropological endeavour that formulates research questions and gathers or uses systematic data to test hypothesis.