ANT chapter 13

17 November 2022
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One of the most important adaptive transitions in hominin evolution is:
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he shift from foraging to farming.
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Domestication produced more food per unit area of land than had hunting and gathering, meaning:
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more people could be fed from the same amount of land.
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The archaeological record suggests that farming began in southeastern Turkey by:
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10,500 yBP.
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The dog was the first animal to be domesticated during the:
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Neolithic.
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Two-thirds of calorie intake comes from the key cereal grains domesticated in the earlier Holocene, especially:
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wheat, barley, corn, and rice.
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In the American Midwest native seed crops goosefoot, sumpweed, and sunflowers were farmed about:
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6,000-1,000 yBP.
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The Neolithic demographic transition resulted in:
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a shift from low birthrate to high birthrate.
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As towns and cities began to compete for increasingly limited resources:
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organized warfare developed.
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Tooth size and jaw size have reduced in the last:
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10,000 yBP.
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The masticatory-functional hypothesis:
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states that change in skull form represents a response to decreased demands on the chewing muscles.
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Cavities in the teeth are caused by:
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dental caries.
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Extreme anemia can lead to:
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porotic hyperostosis.
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Based on the archaeological record from various areas, what was the initial effect of agriculture on height?
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Height decreased.
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The human population increase of the Holocene was probably due to:
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decreased birth spacing (less time between babies)
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The adoption of agriculture resulted in the development and spread of:
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infectious disease.
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Which of the following is a New World domesticated products?
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cotton.
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Dental caries increased at the same time that populations were producing:
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corn.
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A symptom of anemia where spongy bone invades the eye sockets is called:
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cribra orbitalia.
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During your lab you are asked to identify the pathological feature of spongy bone invading the eye socket that occurs in the interior upper surface of the eye sockets and to diagnose the condition as:
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cribra orbitalia, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia or parasitic infection.
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A(n) __________ is a scientist who studies plant remains in the archaeological record.
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paleoethnobotanist.
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Bone comparisons from hunter-gatherers to later agriculturalists to modern peoples show:
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a decline in size.
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The domestication of wheat and barley spread to Greece by:
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8,000 yBP.
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Modern diseases made possible by overcrowding include, but are not limited to:
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measles, mumps, and cholera. smallpox and influenza.
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The Neolithic site Çatalhöyük is located in:
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southwest Asia.
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What effect did the advent of agriculture have on the level of interpersonal violence seen in the archaeological record?
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Violence increased.
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The last 10,000 years is called the:
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Holocene.
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Agriculture resulted in:
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population sedentism and crowding.
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An oval cross section of an adult femur suggests:
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that the individual was likely very physically active.
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Parasitic infections are a primary cause of __________in many regions of the globe.
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iron-deficiency anemia
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By the close of the Pleistocene the human population numbered:
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7 billion.
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Hunter-gatherers' skeletons tend to show______________ than agriculturalists:
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higher levels of activity.