Anatomy #7 - Muscles

24 July 2022
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question
A muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces what movement?
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adduction
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What is the main action of muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?
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flex the elbow
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The muscles in the __________________ compartment of the leg are the prime movers for plantar flexion.
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posterior
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In general, all muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh__________.
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adduct the thigh
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Which compartment of the lower limb is NOT paired correctly with the general action of muscles of that compartment?
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posterior compartment of the thigh: Extends the leg and flexes the thigh
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The extensor muscles of the upper limb lie almost exclusively in the ________ region of that limb.
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posterior
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Which set correctly matches the function of the designated muscle compartment?
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lateral leg-foot eversion
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A prime mover for extending the arm at the shoulder is the
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latissimus dorsi.
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A prime mover of foot inversion is the
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tibialis posterior.
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A prime mover for lateral rotation at the shoulder is the
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teres minor.
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A prime mover for leg extension at the knee is the
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rectus femoris.
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In anatomical position, the pronator teres, the brachioradialis, and the extensor carpi radialis all lie on the anterior surface of the forearm.
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False
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The two heads of the biceps brachii combine to insert on the __________.
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radial tuberosity
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Which of the following is not true of the deep fascia of the leg?
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an insertion for the majority of lower leg muscles
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The ball and socket joint in the hip is similar to the ball and socket joint of the shoulder but is designed more for __________ than ___________.
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power; precision
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Which joint is considered the most flexible joint in the body?
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the shoulder joint
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Muscles of the shoulder can be divided into groups based on __________.
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distribution and functional relationships
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Which of the following groups of muscles are not muscles of the shoulder?
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the anterior flexor muscles
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Why are the muscles that move the fingers and wrist located in the forearm?
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This design allows the hand to maintain fine motor control and strength without the interference of bulky muscles.
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The forearm muscles can be divided into anterior flexors and posterior extensors, as well as __________.
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deep and superficial layers
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Muscles that act on the knee joint form most of the mass of the __________.
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thigh
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The rotator cuff is a term used to describe the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize and reinforce the __________.
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glenohumeral joint
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All the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles combine at which location?
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humeral head
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Movement of the elbow joint movement is limited to __________.
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flexion and extension
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Movement of the forearm includes __________.
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pronation and supination
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The hamstrings consist of the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus.
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True
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The thenar eminence is located at the
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base of the thumb.
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Paralysis of which muscle(s) would make a person unable to flex the leg at the knee?
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gastrocnemius and hamstrings
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What is the area of insertion for serratus anterior?
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Vertebral border of scapula
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Onto which structure do the three layers of the abdominal muscles insert?
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Linea alba
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Which muscle forms the anterior border of the axilla?
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Pectoralis major
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The sternal angle is a reference point for _____.
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locating the position of the 2nd rib
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Which muscle is used to smile?
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zygomaticus (major and minor)
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Which fascicle arrangement produces the more powerful contraction?
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multipennate
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The muscle fascicle arrangement for Orbicularis oris is best characterized as
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circular.
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This arrangement of muscle fascicles tends to be triangular in shape. The Pectoralis major is an example of a muscle with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement.
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convergent
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The rectus femoris demonstrates this type of muscle fascicle arrangement.
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bipennate
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A muscle with fascicles that insert into only one side of the tendon is categorized as
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unipennate.
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In addition to the Pectoralis major, another muscle that displays this pattern of fascicle arrangement is Latissimus dorsi.
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convergent
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This arrangement of fascicles tends to provide the greatest range of motion (shortening distance), though not the greatest power.
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parallel
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An example of a muscle with this type of fascicle arrangement is the orbicularis oris.
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circular
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The long axes of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle is a description of this type of fascicle arrangement.
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parallel
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When muscle fascicles are arranged in concentric rings this arrangement is referred to as
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circular.
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The arrangement of muscle fascicles in a sphincter is
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circular.
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Which type of fascicle arrangement shortens the least?
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bipennate
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Concerning levers, which of the following is true?
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In a second-class lever, the load is located between the fulcrum and the point of application of effort.
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The biceps brachii operates in a ________-class lever system.
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third
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The gastrocnemius operates in a ________-class lever system.
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Second
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The elbow joint is an example of a fulcrum as the biceps brachii flexes the forearm.
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True
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Third-class lever systems, like most skeletal muscles, enable great strength but sacrifice speed and distance of movement.
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False
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A lever system operating at a mechanical advantage can move a large load a short distance with a small amount of effort.
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True
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What is the functional relationship between the brachialis and the biceps brachii?
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synergistic
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A synergist muscle can do all of the following except
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reverse a particular movement caused by the prime mover.
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The prime mover is also known as the antagonist.
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False
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Which criterion is used in naming the muscles identified here?
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direction of muscle fibers
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The biceps brachii is a muscle that is named for its __________.
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number of origins and location
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Muscles named for their action would include which words as part of their names?
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extensor, adductor, or abductor
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A muscle named for its location and relative size is the __________.
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gluteus maximus