The cell membrane is important for maintaining ____________________ because it controls what enters and leaves the cell
answer
homeostasis
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What is simple diffusion?
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when molecules spread from an area of high to an area of low concentration
- a form of passive transport
- molecules travel with concentration gradient
- it is how oxygen and carbon dioxide travel across the membrane
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Are endocytosis and exocytosis forms of passive or active transport?
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active transport
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Give a scenario where a cell may need to perform a form of endocytosis.
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-when transporting large molecules
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Give a scenario where a cell may need to preform a form of exocytosis
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-when releasing a very large molecule from the cell
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For the following scenarios, determine if the moleculea are moving by simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion or active transport
answer
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For water to travel across the cell membrane at a substantial rate, the water molecules travel through protein channels known as aquaporins
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Faciliated diffusion
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While water molecules are polar, they are also very small. One facr not metioned in the video is that some water molecules are able to squeeze directly though the phospolipid bilayer due to their small size
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Simple
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Charged ions are traviling though a cell membrane with the concentration gradient
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facilitated
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Cells lining the gut need to take in glucose, but at a certain time, the concentration of extracellular glucose is lower than the concentration already stored in the cells.
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Active transport
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At a certian time, glucose is in a high concentration outside of a cell and needs to travel through the membrane into the cell
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Facilitated
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Enzymes are typically
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proteins
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Describe the effects that enzymes can have on substrates
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-Can speed up reactions 10 billion x faster
-they can build up or break down substrates
-induced fit happens
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Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down ______.
answer
lactose
- breaks it down into smaller parts so our body can digest lactose
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Glucocerebrosidase is an enzyme that breaks down ____________.
answer
glucocerebroside
- can create anemia + swelling of liver and spleen
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Amylase and lipase are enzymes that break down
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starch + lipids
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Osmosis is a type of
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diffusion (passive transport)
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water moves from ____ to _____
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high to low
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