American Red Cross Lifeguarding Final Written Exam

To prevent drowning and other injuries from occurring at their aquatic facility

Monitoring activities in and near the water through patron surveillance, Administering first aid, CPR, and AED, and Working as a team with other lifeguards, facility staff, and management

Testing pool water chemistry, Assist patrons by performing safety orientations, administrating swim tests, fitting life jackets, and other duties, Cleaning or performing maintenance, Completing records and reports, and Performing opening duties, closing duties, or facility safety checks and inspections

Knowledgeable and skilled, Reliable, Mature, Courteous and consistent, and Positive

Be attentive and sit or stand upright when on surveillance duty

Negligence

State your name, State your level of training, Ask if you may help, Explain that you would like to assess them to find out what you think may be wrong or what you can do to help

Two years

Going through the Lifeguard class or course again

To ensure that lifeguards understand their responsibilities and know how to perform their job, To ensure that lifeguards get practice with their facility's safety and rescue equipment and emergency action plans, and To ensure lifeguards understand codes, rules, and regulations of the facility

Emergency Action Plan

So everyone knows their responsibilities and can perform them effectively

At least four hours of in-service training each month

Surveillance and recognition, Water and land rescue skills, Emergency response drills, and Decision-making protocols (or Facility rules and regulations, Customer service, Records and reports, and Physical conditioning)

Helps you maintain your knowledge and skills at a professional level, gives you a chance to practice with other lifeguards at your facility, and it will help you to efficiently respond as a team in an emergency

Inspecting and test run of rides and slides, Checking that rafts, tubes, and/or sleds are properly inflated and the handles are secure, Landing areas are free of rough surfaces and debris, Water level and flow is appropriate for attraction, and Electronic dispatch systems are tested and are operating properly

To prevent patrons from finding themselves in water that is deeper or shallower than they expected

The minimum or maximum number of people allowed on an attraction or tube at a time, The maximum and minimum height or weight requirements for patrons using an attraction, Rules for winding rivers, No jumping or diving into the water, No climbing on any features, Rules for water slides, and No stacking of tubes or life jackets

Various attractions, Ride Vehicles, Currents on attractions, Potentially larger crowds, and Different rules and EAPs

Gowns, Shields, Resuscitation masks, Gloves, and Protective Eyewear

Rescue tubes are capable of keeping multiple victims afloat and whistles are used to activate their facility's EAP and get attention of other members of the safety team and patrons for policy enforcement

Backboards are used to remove victims from the water when they are unable to exit the water on their own or when they have a possible injury to the head, neck, or spine and first aid kits include supplies used to treat common injuries at aquatic facilities

Your facility's rules and regulations

Swim only when a lifeguard is on duty, No running, pushing, or rough play, Dive in designated areas, No swimming with open or infected wounds, and No alcoholic beverages or drug use allowed

You are wearing or carrying the appropriate rescue equipment for your facility and ready to enter the water to perform a rescue

Bottom conditions, pier attachments, buoys, and safety lines

No swimming under piers and no fishing near swimming area

Distressed swimmer - May be able to keep their face out of the water - May be able to call or wave for help - Floating, sculling, or treading water Active drowning victim - Not able to call for help - Has extended their arms to the side or front, pressing down for support - Is positioned vertically with an ineffective kick Passive drowning victim - Might float face down at or near the surface or might sink to the bottom - May be limp or have slight convulsive-type movements - Has no defined arm or leg action, no locomotion, and no breathing

Ground-Level Stations

Floating Stations

Elevated Station

Roving Stations

30 seconds

1 1/2 to 2 minutes because in that amount of time you might be able to resuscitate the victim

Total coverage - When only one lifeguard is conducting patron surveillance for an entire pool while on duty. Zone coverage - When the swimming area is divided into separate zones, with one zone for each lifeguard station.

Searching their zones because they need to recognize signs indicating that someone may need help.

Swing your whistle lanyard

Jump in the pool while on surveillance duty to cool off

- A | Wear polarized sunglasses. - Adjust your body position; stand up to look around and through the glare spots. - Reposition the lifeguard station with the permission of your supervisor. - Be aware of the normal appearance of the bottom of the pool; know the appearance of drains, colored tiles or painted depth markings.

- To determine what lifeguards can and cannot see from their station (Ask Drill) - To determine whether a lifeguard can reach the furthest and deepest part of their zone in 30 seconds (Live Recognition Drill) - To evaluate the ability of the lifeguard to get to a victim, conduct a rescue, extricate, and start ventilations

Voluntary hyperventilation

R: Recognition I: Intrusion D: Distraction

The incoming lifeguard should search the zone and be aware of the activity level in the zone you will be guarding. Begin searching your zone as you are walking toward your station, checking all areas of the water from the bottom to the surface The outgoing lifeguard should inform you of any situations that need special attention. The exchange of information should be brief, and patron surveillance must be maintained throughout the entire rotation

Murky water

Facility management

1) Safety checks 2) Enforcing rules 3) Recognize changing water and weather conditions

1) Jacket is appropriately sized for patron 2) Jacket is properly worn 3) Jacket is in good working condition

Guarding areas for young children: 1) Children might get list so remind parents to keep an eye on their children 2) Watch out for children using the pool as a toilet Play structures: 1) Watch for overcrowding and horseplay on structures 2) Pay attention to patron moving in water as moving water can surprise people and they may lose their balance

1) Safety orientations 2) Designation of swim areas 3) Identification of group leaders or adult chaperones

So they can know about the risks that can cause injury and how to use equipment and follow rules to prevent behaviors that lead to injury.

1) Enter the water and completely submerge. 2) Recover to the surface and remain there for at least 1 minute (floating or treading). 3) Rotate 360 degrees and orient to the exit. 4) Level off and propel oneself on the front or the back through the water for at least 25 yards. 5) Exit from the water

Be separated from the swimmer area with a continuous barrier, such as a pier or buoyed lifeline.

Because every facility is designed differently, different equipment, and different response.

1) Water Emergency- passive victim 2)Water Emergency- active victim 3)Land Emergency- injury or illness

1) Signal 2) Rescue 3) Report, advise, release 4) Equipment check/corrective action 5) Return to duty

Other lifeguards: 1) The water or land rescue and providing emergency care 2) Back-up zone coverage or clearing the area Additional safety team members: (Front desk staff, maintenance staff or others as designated by the EAP) 1) Summoning EMS personnel 2) Bringing additional equipment, if necessary 3) Clearing the area or facility 4) Controlling the crowd 5) Meeting EMS personnel

Collect all factual information about what was seen, heard and the actions taken.

Facility manager or company spokesperson - your doing so may lead to legal action.

There might not be enough lifeguards to return or there might be spills that need to be cleaned up

Trained and certified in first aid and CPR/AED at the same level of the lifeguard team (for professionals)

Report: complete an incident report form Advise: advise the victim on next steps (ex. go to doctor) Release: release the victim to the appropriate parties (ex: child to their parent)

1) Parking lots 2) Locker rooms 3) Lobby areas

Underneath play structures at a waterfront with murky water

1) Activate the emergency action plan 2) Enter the water, if necessary 3) Perform an appropriate rescue 4) Move the victim to a safe exit point 5) Remove the victim from water 6) Provide emergency care as needed 7) Report, advise, and release

- Location of victim - Condition of victim - Location of other swimmers - Your location - Type of equipment used - Facility setup - Water depth

Compact Jump

Slide In Entry

Slide In Entry

Stride Jump

Slide In Entry

1) Simple Assist 2) Reaching Assist

Passive Victim Front Rescue

Active Victim Rear Rescue

Passive Victim Rear Rescue

Always remove a victim who is not breathing from the water as soon as possible to provide care. However, if doing so will delay care, then perform in-water ventilations until you can remove the victim.

1) Ensure the safety of the victim, yourself and others in the vicinity. This includes the entry, approach, rescue, removal and care provided. 2) Use a rescue technique that is appropriate and effective for the situation. 3) Provide an appropriate assessment, always treating life-threatening conditions first. 4) Handle the rescue with a sense of urgency

1) Receiving a blow to the head 2) Colliding with another swimmer 3) Entering head first into shallow water

1) Activate the facility's EAP (may be specific for these types of injuries) 2) Safely enter the water 3) Perform a rescue providing manual in-line stabilization 4) Remove the victim from the water using the appropriate spinal backboard procedure 5) Check for responsiveness and breathing 6) Re-assess the victim's condition and provide appropriate care.

Head splint

1) A chest strap to secure the victim to the board 2) A head-immobilizer device that can be attached to the top, or head-end, of the board

Remove the victim from the water using the passive victim extrication technique

- If the victim is in shallow water, you do not need to use a rescue tube to support yourself - If the victim is submerged, you should not use the rescue tube when submerging and bringing the victim to the surface - If the victim is at the surface in deep water, you may need a rescue tube to support yourself and the victim

- Let the victim know what you are doing - Reassure the victim along the way - Tell the victim not to nod or shake their head but instead say "yes" or "no" to answer questions.

1) Helping to submerge, position, and stabilize the backboard on deck 2) Communicating with and reassuring the victim 3) Guiding the backboard as it is being removed from the water 4) Providing care after the victim has been removed from the water

Injury from plunging during a running entry, in-line stabilization and extrication from extremely shallow water

After reaching the zero-depth entry, the lifeguards slightly lift the head-end of the backboard, carefully pulling the backboard and victim out of the water. Gently lower the backboard and victim to the ground once out of water using proper lifting techniques to prevent injury