MAP Chapter 14

25 July 2022
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question
Which of the following ventricles is found under the corpus callosum? ANSWER: Third ventricle Fourth ventricle Lateral ventricles Fornix
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Lateral ventricles
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Which passageway connects the third and fourth ventricles? ANSWER: Septum pellucidum Interventricular foramen Central canal Cerebral aqueduct
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Cerebral aqueduct
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Identify the passageway found in the spinal cord that is continuous with the ventricles. ANSWER: Cerebral aqueduct Interventricular foramina Choroid plexus Central canal
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Central canal
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Which of the following areas takes visual information from one side of the body and conveys it to the opposite side? ANSWER: Optic tract Optic nerve Olfactory bulbs Optic chiasm
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Optic chiasm
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Which of the following structures is not part of the central nervous system? ANSWER: Mammillary body Optic tract Optic chiasm Optic nerve
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Optic nerve
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Which of the following structures attach the pituitary gland to the brain? ANSWER: Pia mater Hypothalamus Infundibulum Optic chiasm
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Infundibulum
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What structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres? ANSWER: Intermediate mass Corpus callosum Vermis Septum pellucidum
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Corpus callosum
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Which of the following areas form the central core of the brain? ANSWER: Hypothalamus Epithalamus Cerebellum Thalamus
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Thalamus
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Where is the arbor vitae located? ANSWER: Brain stem Cerebellum Cerebrum Diencephalon
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Cerebellum
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What part of the corpora quadrigemina is clearly observed in a midsagittal section? ANSWER: Inferior colliculus Superior colliculus Corpus callosum Optic chiasm
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Superior colliculus
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Which region of the brain is necessary for consciousness? ANSWER: Brain stem Diencephalon Cerebrum Cerebellum
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Cerebrum
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What type of tissue makes up the cerebral cortex? ANSWER: Meninges Gray matter White matter Nerves
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Gray matter
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What is the function of white matter? ANSWER: Supports neurons Transmits messages Processes information Produces cerebrospinal fluid
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Transmits messages
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Name the membranous encasement surrounding the brain. ANSWER: Choroid plexus Lamina propria Epineurium Meninges
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Meninges
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Which of the following regions cannot be observed superficially? ANSWER: Longitudinal fissure Diencephalon Cerebellum Cerebrum
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Diencephalon
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Which region of the brain contains gyri and sulci? ANSWER: Diencephalon Cerebrum Brain stem Cerebellum
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Cerebrum
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The meninges consist of ___ layers. ANSWER: 1 3 2 4
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3
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Which of the following is the outer layer of the meninges? ANSWER: Arachnoid Pia mater Dura mater Dural sinus
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Dura mater
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Which region acts as a relay center for sensory messages ascending to the cerebrum? ANSWER: Thalamus Corpus callosum Pons Hypothalamus
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Thalamus
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Which area of the brain stem is in contact with the spinal cord? ANSWER: Medulla oblongata Cerebellum Pons Midbrain
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Medulla oblongata
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Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? ANSWER: midbrain prosencephalon cerebrum pons diencephalon
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prosencephalon
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The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the ANSWER: thalamus. diencephalon. pons. medulla oblongata. mesencephalon.
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pons.
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Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the ANSWER: thalamus. medulla oblongata. cerebellum. pons. midbrain.
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thalamus
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A neural cortex is found on the surface of the ANSWER: thalamus. pons. cerebrum. midbrain.
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cerebrum
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The thin partition that separates the first and second ventricles is the ANSWER: cerebral aqueduct. septum insula. falx cerebri. septum pellucidum. interventricular foramina.
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septum pellucidum.
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The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems. ANSWER: cerebrum pons medulla oblongata cerebellum hypothalamus
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hypothalamus
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The folds of the cerebrum are called ANSWER: cortical folds. sulci. arachnoid granulations. gyri. dural sinuses.
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gyri.
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The wall between the lateral ventricles is called the ANSWER: cerebral aqueduct. septum pellucidum. falx cerebri. fornix. corpus callosum.
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septum pellucidum.
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Lisa, a beginning marathon runner, trains in hot (80 degree), humid conditions. Her third marathon occurs in hot (80 degree), dry conditions. While running, she consumes the same amount of water as she does in her previous races. Close to the finish line she gets a headache and collapses in seizures and a coma. Which hypothesis best fits what happened to Lisa? ANSWER: Lisa's respiratory system could not deal with "thicker" air high in water vapor. Therefore, she went into respiratory arrest, which impacted her brain chemistry. Under dry conditions, the lack of sweat actually caused her hypothalamus to signal for more sweating, causing her to lose more fluid without realizing it. Thus she became dehydrated more severely, which impeded CSF concentrations due to low blood volume. Lisa lost too much water due to the dry conditions. Thus she did not consume enough and her hypothalamus could not sufficiently regulate her body temperature and heat exhaustion occurred. Lisa consumed too much water in too short of a time. This led to water leaking into the brain and disrupting the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations, impairing neural tissue activity.
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Lisa consumed too much water in too short of a time. This led to water leaking into the brain and disrupting the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations, impairing neural tissue activity.
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The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates within the __________. ANSWER: subarachnoid space epidural space subdural space denticulate ligaments
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subarachnoid space
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The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaves the central nervous system (CNS) and enters the circulation at the __________. ANSWER: arachnoid trabeculae arachnoid granulations denticular ligaments pia mater
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arachnoid granulations
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Specialized ________ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus. ANSWER: astrocytes blood appended epididymal ependymal
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ependymal
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Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier? ANSWER: The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions. It is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds. Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries. It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus. All of the answers are correct.
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All of the answers are correct.
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Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain? ANSWER: The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord. There is an epidural space associated with the spinal meninges, but not with the cranial meninges. There is a subarachnoid space within the spinal meninges but not the cranial meninges. The meninges around the brain are not the same as those around the spinal cord. Spinal fluid is secreted both in the brain and in the spinal cord areas.
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The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord.
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The choroid plexus is composed of ANSWER: blood vessels. subarachnoid granulations. nerve fibers. ganglia. lymphatic vessels.
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blood vessels.
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Ependymal cells work to ANSWER: surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus. secrete CSF into the ventricles. adjust the composition of CSF. remove waste products from CSF. All of the answers are correct.
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All of the answers are correct.
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A brain hemorrhage is life-threatening because ANSWER: neurological changes will occur. the pressure increase within the space can distort and potentially damage brain tissue. some areas of the brain will not be receiving blood. the person can lose consciousness. All of these problems are related to brain hemorrhages.
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All of these problems are related to brain hemorrhages.
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Which statement is true regarding cerebrospinal fluid? ANSWER: CSF moves back into the blood supply by the process of osmosis. If CSF is not properly resorbed, the result would be hydrocephalus. CSF is made during fetal development and does not change through the lifetime of the person. CSF is identical in composition to blood plasma. There is about a liter of CSF within the brain and spinal cord.
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If CSF is not properly resorbed, the result would be hydrocephalus.
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Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from ANSWER: blockage of circulation of CSF. excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid. blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production. deficient production of cerebrospinal fluid. excessive water intake.
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blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.
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Which of these statements about the medulla oblongata is true? ANSWER: It connects the brain and spinal cord. The medulla oblongata relays all communication between the brain and spinal cord. It coordinates complex autonomic functions. All of the listed responses are correct.
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All of the listed responses are correct.
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The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the ANSWER: cerebellum. heart. diencephalon. cerebrum. medulla oblongata.
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medulla oblongata.
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The medulla oblongata regulates ANSWER: blood pressure and respiration. vision and hearing. food intake. auditory reflexes. somatic motor contractions.
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blood pressure and respiration.
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The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in the ANSWER: cerebrum. pons. cerebellum. midbrain. medulla oblongata.
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medulla oblongata.
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Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because ANSWER: the blood might not be able to circulated properly around the brain. control of body temperature and thermoregulation are its functions. the vital centers for blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there. digestive processes are controlled by the medulla. electrical activity originates within the medulla.
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the vital centers for blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there.
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Which of these is found in the pons? ANSWER: nuclei for four cranial nerves respiratory control nuclei tracts to the cerebellum All of these are found in the pons.
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All of these are found in the pons.
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If the pons was damaged, which of the following functions would be affected? ANSWER: sleep patterns coordination control of blood pressure judgment breathing
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breathing
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The cerebellum __________. ANSWER: adjusts posture coordinates learned movements has peduncles connecting to the cerebrum All of the listed responses are correct.
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All of the listed responses are correct.
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Making rapid postural adjustments is a major function of the __________. ANSWER: cerebrum medulla oblongata cerebellum diencephalon
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cerebellum
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The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the ANSWER: arbor vitae. vermis. folia. flocculonodular lobe. pyramid.
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vermis.
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The white matter of the cerebellum forms the ANSWER: arbor vitae. pyramid. folia. flocculonodular lobe. vermis.
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arbor vitae.
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The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the ANSWER: cerebellar cortex. medulla. cerebral cortex. arbor vitae. pons.
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cerebellar cortex.
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The folds of the surface of the cerebrum ANSWER: are called sulci. form a network of blood vessels over the brain. are bathed in spinal fluid. consist of axons and dendrites of neurons. increase the surface area of the cerebrum.
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increase the surface area of the cerebrum.
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The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as ANSWER: ataxia. Parkinson's. dysphagia. epilepsy. aphasia.
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ataxia.
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If you are reading and you unexpectedly hear a loud noise, your head generally snaps up. Which portion of the midbrain is most likely to be responsible for this reflexive motion? ANSWER: the superior colliculus the inferior colliculus the red nucleus the substantia nigra
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the inferior colliculus
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Injury to this center in the mesencephalon may lead to Parkinson's disease. ANSWER: mammillary bodies red nuclei substantia nigra superior colliculi
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substantia nigra
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Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in ANSWER: increased consciousness. coma. coughing. decreased cerebral function. sleep.
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increased consciousness.
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The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the ANSWER: superior colliculi. inferior colliculi. cerebral peduncles. substantia nigra. red nuclei.
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inferior colliculi.
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Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the ANSWER: tegmenta. corpora quadrigemina. cerebral peduncles. superior colliculi. inferior colliculi.
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cerebral peduncles.
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The corpora quadrigemina is composed of the ANSWER: the 4th cranial nerve. first four cranial nerves. two superior cerebellar peduncles and the two inferior cerebellar peduncles. superior and inferior colliculi. four cerebral lobes.
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superior and inferior colliculi.
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Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with ANSWER: regulation of body temperature. conscious control of skeletal muscles. control of breathing. visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck. control of autonomic function.
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visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.
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Which of the following is a function of the diencephalon? ANSWER: to regulate body temperature to process and transmit sensory information to secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) All of these are functions of the diencephalon.
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All of these are functions of the diencephalon.
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The pineal gland is part of the ANSWER: hypothalamus. midbrain. 3rd ventricle. mesencephalon. diencephalon.
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diencephalon.
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Which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies? ANSWER: shaped like little breasts processes olfactory information controls reflex eating movements located in posterior hypothalamus All of the answers are correct.
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All of the answers are correct.
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The hypothalamus is a key player in the endocrine system because ANSWER: its autonomic controls also run all of the endocrine organs. it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it. it produces enzymes that are involved in the production of hormones. it communicates with all other endocrine organs of the body. None of the answers is correct.
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it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it.
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Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? ANSWER: produces ADH secretes oxytocin controls autonomic centers regulates body temperature All of the answers are correct.
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All of the answers are correct.
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Which of the following is/are true of the epithalamus? ANSWER: processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum creates the lateral ventricles forms the cerebrum contains the mammillary body forms the roof of the diencephalon
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contains the mammillary body
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The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the ANSWER: supraoptic nuclei. pulvinar. medial geniculates. paraventricular nuclei. lateral geniculates.
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lateral geniculates.
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Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? ANSWER: store memories process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum secrete melatonin regulate food intake secrete cerebrospinal fluid
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process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum
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The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it ANSWER: determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area. controls the autonomic functions of the body, such as the fight-or-flight response. controls reflexes. determines what can enter the brain from the blood. passes motor information on to the cerebellum.
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determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.
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The ________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. ANSWER: infundibulum amygdala supraoptic nucleus hippocampus basal ganglia
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infundibulum
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the limbic system? ANSWER: cingulate gyrus fornix amygdaloid body hypothalamus
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hypothalamus
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Which of these is NOT a property of the limbic system? ANSWER: It is important in learning and memory. It is central to our ability to experience emotions. It includes the hippocampus. It regulates body temperature.
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It regulates body temperature.
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The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories. ANSWER: cingulate gyrus amygdaloid body fornix hippocampus mamillary bodies
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hippocampus
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Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged? ANSWER: the thalamus the limbic system the general interpretive area the putamen the prefrontal lobe
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the limbic system
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The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres by the __________. ANSWER: central sulcus corpus callosum longitudinal fissure postcentral gyrus
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longitudinal fissure
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You are taking an exam and there is a section with several questions for which you remember studying, but become annoyed because you cannot recall the answer. If an EEG was performed at that particular moment, which brainwaves are most likely to predominate? ANSWER: theta waves beta waves alpha waves delta waves
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theta waves
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The sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the ________ and ________. ANSWER: frontal lobe; temporal lobe insula; frontal lobe insula; parietal lobe corpus callosum; fornix precentral gyrus; prefrontal cortex
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insula; frontal lobe
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The corpus callosum is composed of ANSWER: association fibers. longitudinal fasciculi. commissural fibers. arcuate fibers. projection fibers.
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commissural fibers.
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Commissural fibers ANSWER: carry pain information to the correct brain structure. are divided by the longitudinal fissure. cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other hemisphere. link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon. interconnect areas of cerebral cortex.
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interconnect areas of cerebral cortex.
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The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the ANSWER: prefrontal cerebral cortex. occipital association cortex. temporal lobe. cerebral ganglia. reticular formation.
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prefrontal cerebral cortex.
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Parkinson's disease is the result of ANSWER: inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei. decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra. weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon. inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons. hyperactivity of the limbic system.
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inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.
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After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe. ANSWER: left frontal left temporal right temporal right frontal occipital
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left frontal
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The general interpretive area ANSWER: is responsible for predicting future consequences. is the speech center of the brain. is the site of long-term memory storage. allows us to interpret what is read or heard. may be damaged by even a small stroke.
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allows us to interpret what is read or heard.
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Integrative centers of the brain ANSWER: can impact higher intellectual functions. direct motor activities. receive information from many sensory association areas. include the Wernicke's area. All of the answers are correct.
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All of the answers are correct.
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Jane suffers from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callosum are cut. As a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to ANSWER: move her left arm. recognize written words. speak. verbally identify an object placed in her left hand. touch her nose with her eyes closed.
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verbally identify an object placed in her left hand.
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Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to ANSWER: sense the texture of velvet. understand spoken words. understand visual images. play the piano. understand written words.
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play the piano.
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________ is a temporary cerebral disorder accompanied by abnormal movements, unusual sensations, and/or inappropriate behavior. ANSWER: Parkinson's disease Dyslexia Apraxia A seizure Aphasia
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A seizure
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Higher-order functions ANSWER: can be adjusted over time based on experience. occur in the cerebrum. involve complex interactions among areas of the cortex. combine both conscious and unconscious information processing. All of the answers are correct.
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All of the answers are correct.
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Which of these neural injuries will the corneal reflex NOT test for? ANSWER: damage to cranial nerve V damage to cranial nerve VII damage to cranial nerve II detection of a corneal contact stimulus
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damage to cranial nerve II
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The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is ANSWER: olfaction. vision. dizziness. gustation. hearing.
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olfaction
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Gustatory information reaches the brain by way of ANSWER: cranial nerve IV. cranial nerve IX. cranial nerve I. cranial nerve X. cranial nerve II.
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cranial nerve IX.
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________ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve. ANSWER: Addison's disease Hydrocephalus Bell's palsy Gout Cerebral palsy
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Bell's palsy
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There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves. ANSWER: 22 2 31 6 12
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12
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Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve. ANSWER: trochlear olfactory oculomotor optic abducens
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oculomotor
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Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)? ANSWER: glossopharyngeal and vagus facial vagus hypoglossal glossopharyngeal
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glossopharyngeal and vagus
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A reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the ________ reflex. ANSWER: vestibulo-ocular consensual auditory corneal tympanic
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corneal
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Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry? ANSWER: equilibrium atmospheric pressure hearing, equilibrium, and taste hearing and equilibrium hearing
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hearing and equilibrium
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At the optic chiasm, ANSWER: axons from the retinae synapse on those from the other half. axons from the medial halves of each retina cross. the optic nerve enters the cerebellum. axons from the lateral halves of each retina cross. the olfactory nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain.
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axons from the medial halves of each retina cross.
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Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? Choose the best answer. ANSWER: Remove waste from brain cells Transport blood to brain structures Cushion the brain Support the weight of the brain
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Transport blood to brain structures
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Which cells are most directly associated with the formation of CSF? Choose the best answer. ANSWER: Ependymal cells Astrocytes Neurons Arachnoid granulations
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Ependymal cells
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What is the last spot where CSF circulates before being resorbed by the circulatory system? Choose the best answer. ANSWER: The central canal The subarachnoid space The median aperture of the fourth ventricle The arachnoid villi A choroid plexus
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The arachnoid villi