2 Ch10

25 July 2022
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38 test answers

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A) Rupture and plastic deformation occur when stresses exceed the elastic limit of a material.
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Which one of the following statements regarding rock deformation and strength is correct?
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A) horizontally directed; compressive stresses
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Which one of the following stress situations results in folding of flat-lying, sedimentary strata?
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A) Horizontal distance is shortened perpendicular to fold axes.
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Which one of the following is consistent with deformation by folding?
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C) The deeper strata are buckled upward along the fold axis.
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Which one of the following is true for anticlines but not for synclines?
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B) strata oriented in roughly circular, outcrop patterns
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A deeply eroded, structural basin would exhibit ________.
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C) strike slip
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A ________ fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks.
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B. reverse
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In a ________ fault, the hanging wall block move up with respect to the footwall block.
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B) the crust is shortened and thickened
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In thrust faulting, ________.
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A) steep, near vertical, dip-slip, fault scarps
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Which one of the following would not be a characteristic of the San Andreas fault zone?
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C) a hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults
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A graben is characterized by ________.
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C) tensional stresses and normal-fault movements
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The mountains and valleys of the Basin and Range Province of the western United States formed in response to ________.
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B) Mesozoic, sedimentary rock formations in Utah, Colorado, and neighboring states
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The Navajo and Dakota Sandstones are ________.
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C) formation
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A ________ is a defined, recognizable, mappable, rock unit with a known age.
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C) the hanging wall block above an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
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In a normal fault ________.
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A) the hanging wall block has moved up relative to the footwall block along an inclined fault
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A reverse fault is one in which ________.
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D) roughly parallel fractures separating blocks that show no displacement
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Jointing in rocks is characterized by ________.
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A) Normal faults
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________ are the products of horizontally directed, tensional stresses.
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D) Tight folds
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________ in layered sedimentary rocks are evidence for horizontal compression and shortening.
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A) a strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between tectonic plates
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A transform fault is ________.
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B) San Andreas strike-slip fault
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The ________ in California is the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates.
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C) cooler temperatures
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Brittle deformation would be favored over plastic deformation in which of the following conditions?
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B) a low-angle, reverse fault
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A thrust fault is best described as ________.
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C) hogback
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A ________ is a prominent ridge formed by differential erosion of tilted, alternating hard and soft strata.
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A) an uplifted block bounded by two normal faults
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A horst is ________.
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D) an elongate dome cored by Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks
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Which one of the following best describes the geology of the Black Hills region in South Dakota?
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C) mainly normal faulting as East Africa begins to fragment
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The Great Rift Valley of East Africa is characterized by ________.
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D) basin
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The Michigan geologic map shows older, Paleozoic strata (in roughly circular patterns) surrounding a core area of Pennsylvanian rocks. What is this structure?
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C) dip slip
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Normal and reverse faults are characterized mainly by ________.
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C) a fold in which the strata dip toward the axis
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A syncline is ________.
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True
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Normal faults form in response to horizontal, tensional stresses that stretch or elongate the rocks.
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True
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In a reverse fault, the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block.
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True
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The oldest, sedimentary rock strata are exposed along the axial parts of deeply eroded anticlines.
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True
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Horizontal, compressive deformation involves shortening and thickening of the crust.
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True
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Along oblique-slip faults, both blocks have horizontal and vertical components of movement.
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False
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Basin and range topography, like that in the western and southwestern United States, indicates that compressive folding is active today or was active very recently, geologically speaking.
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True
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Plastic deformation occurs more readily in warm rock than in cool rock.
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False
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A graben is an upraised block bounded by two reverse faults.
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True
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Fractures in rock that have not involved any fault slippage are called joints.