05.03 The Scientific Revolution

28 August 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
9 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (5)
question
Why were Copernicus's ideas about the order of the universe deemed to be dangerous to Church thinking?
answer
The Church was invested in the idea that the Earth was at the center of the universe.
Explanation: Copernicus's ideas about the order of the universe were deemed to be dangerous to Church thinking because they challenged the Church's view that the Earth was the center of the universe.
question
What did Kepler believe the relationship was between mathematics and the natural world?
answer
He noticed that everything in the natural world had mathematical properties, and they could be used to study and measure everything.
Explanation: Kepler believed that mathematics was the key to understanding the natural world. He believed that mathematical relationships could be used to explain the behavior of physical objects and phenomena. Kepler also believed that the universe itself was created according to mathematical laws.
question
How did Copernicus's work challenge the accepted view of the universe?
answer
He knew that the planets revolved, but he did not believe they revolved around the earth.
Explanation: Copernicus's work challenged the accepted view of the universe because he proposed that the earth was not the center of the universe. This was a radical idea at the time, and it was met with a lot of resistance.
question
What contribution to modern science was made by Andreas Vesalius?
answer
He published On the Structure of the Human Body, which became the foundation of modern anatomy.
Explanation: Andreas Vesalius was a sixteenth-century Belgian anatomist and physician who is considered the father of modern human anatomy. He was the first to accurately and extensively describe the human body in his landmark work, De Humani Corporis Fabrica. Vesalius's work corrected many of the errors and misconceptions about the human body that had been perpetuated for centuries by the Greek physician Galen. Vesalius's anatomical investigations and descriptions were based on his own dissections of human cadavers, rather than on Galen's animal-based studies. Vesalius's work not only revolutionized the study of anatomy, but also had far-reaching implications for the practice of medicine.
question
How did Bacon's ideas on reasoning change the way scientific investigation was done?
answer
Bacon's proposed use of inductive reasoning encouraged scientists to come to conclusions by way of data collection.
Explanation: Bacon's ideas on reasoning emphasized the need for induction, or the process of moving from specific observations to general principles. This was a departure from the traditional Aristotelian approach of deduction, or moving from general principles to specific conclusions. Bacon's approach was more empirical, and it helped to change the way scientific investigation was done by making it more focused on data and observation.
question
What did Copernicus and Galileo have in common?
answer
Both of them published works that challenged the views of the Church.
Explanation: Copernicus and Galileo both believed in the heliocentric model of the solar system, in which the sun is at the center and the planets orbit around it. They also both believed in the idea of the tides being caused by the moon.
question
How did the Renaissance rediscovery of the work of Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy help start the Scientific Revolution?
answer
Ptolemy's system no longer seemed to work with what scientists were observing, and scientists began to look for other theories.
Explanation: The Renaissance rediscovery of the work of Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy helped start the Scientific Revolution by making it possible for astronomers to accurately predict the positions of planets and other celestial bodies. Ptolemy's work, which was based on the observations of earlier Greek astronomers, had been lost during the Middle Ages. However, it was rediscovered by Renaissance scholars and translated into Latin, making it accessible to European astronomers. These astronomers used Ptolemy's work to develop their own theories about the solar system and the universe.
question
How did changing ideas on the role of the individual affect the way scientists began to understand the physical world?
answer
Greater emphasis on the role of the individual encouraged scientists to consider explanations of the natural world outside of scripture or traditional church teachings.
Explanation: Before the Scientific Revolution, most people believed that the physical world operated according to the will of God. This meant that scientists didn't really try to understand how the physical world worked; they just accepted that it worked the way it did.However, during the Scientific Revolution, scientists began to question this view. They started to believe that it was possible to understand how the physical world worked, without resorting to religion. This change in thinking had a big impact on the way scientists began to understand the physical world. They started to carry out experiments and to develop theories about how the world worked, based on their observations.This shift in thinking about the role of the individual had a big impact on science, and helped to usher in a new era of scientific discovery.
question
How did the Renaissance's emphasis on humanism help spark scientific thinking?
answer
Increased confidence in human potential and individual worth encouraged ideas independent of traditional Church teachings.
Explanation: The Renaissance was a period of great intellectual and cultural achievement, marked by a renewed interest in the classical world and a focus on the individual. This emphasis on humanism helped spark scientific thinking for a number of reasons. First, the Renaissance saw a revival of interest in the works of Aristotle and other ancient thinkers who had made important contributions to the study of the natural world. Second, the invention of the printing press made it possible for scholars to share their ideas more easily, which helped to promote scientific inquiry. Finally, the rise of wealthy patrons who were interested in supporting scientific research helped to create an environment in which scientists could thrive.